Orbital: The Electronic Journal of Chemistry

Synthesis and Characterization of PMMA/Nanoclay Composite as an Excellent Dental Material

Md. Alamgir — 2024-12-30

The present study reports the synthesis of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/nanoclay-based nanocomposites via melt compounding using a twin extruder process. PMMA was chosen as a matrix material and various weight fractions of nanoclay (NC) nanoparticles (1 wt.% and 2 wt.%) were used as reinforcement. The processed nanocomposites were comprehensively characterized through simple indentation analysis, scratch analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. The variation in the mechanical properties with the addition of various wt. % of nanoclay in the composites was examined. The estimation of the mechanical aspects of the nanocomposites showed that the utilization of Nanoclay as a reinforcing factor increased specific strength of polymer. The morphological analysis depicted the formation of composites with uniform dispersion of nanoclay within the polymer matrix. The successful compatibilization in Nanoclay and the polymer pattern developed the engineering attributes. Finally, this event may combine the design aimed at the formation of a different compatibilized Nanoclay founded blend concerning dental treatments.

NaNO2/HCl/TBAB Catalyst: A Controlled Aerobic Oxidation of Sulfide Substrate in the Preparation of Polmacoxib Intermediate Under Mild Conditions

Macchindra Kadam — 2024-12-30

The oxidation of sulfide substrate in one of the synthetic stages of Polmacoxib drug substance has been efficiently performed employing cost efficient NaNO₂-HCl reagents in phase transfer catalyst TBAB containing biphasic MDC-Water reaction media at 0-5 °C temperature to afford sulfoxide intermediate (1A) as an only product. The formed products were characterized by techniques such as NMR, MS and IR spectroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first report on utilization of NaNO₂/TBAB/HCl catalytic system for the preparation of Polmacoxib stage 1A intermediate. Cost and energy efficiency, use of commercially available catalysts, high yields and purity are merits of the present work.

Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Using Callistemon viminalis Flowers Extract: An Eco-Friendly Approach with Promising Antioxidant Activities

Shweta Bansal — 2025-01-03

The present research article introduces a novel, environmentally friendly method for synthesizing ironoxide nanoparticles (IONPs) utilizing Callistemon viminalis flowers extract as both a reducing and capping agent. This approach not only offers a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional synthesis methods but also harnesses the inherent phytochemical potential of the plant extract. The synthesized IONPs underwent comprehensive characterization using various analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to elucidate their structural, morphological, and chemical properties. Subsequently, the synthesized IONPs were evaluated for their potential antioxidant properties. The research findings contribute valuable insights into the synthesis process, structural characteristics, and antioxidant efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles, offering promising avenues for addressing both health and environmental challenges with innovative solutions.

Determination of Mequitazine in Tablets by Difference Spectrophotometry Based on the Absorption of its Sulfoxide

Mykola Blazheyevskiy — 2025-01-03

A new method is described for the rapid determination of (R)-(+)-Mequitazine. The drug is determined by a difference spectrophotometric technique based upon the absorbance of its sulphoxide derivative relative to the absorbance of a solution of the underivatized drug. The sulphoxide derivative are formed rapidly and quantitatively at room temperature by the addition of a solution of potassium caroate in form Oxone. The difference absorbance of the solutions is proportional to the concentration of the Mequitazine in the preparation and is specific for the intact drug in the presence of oxidative and photochemical decomposition products and excipients. Linearity range 1.00–35.00 µg/mL. The regression line equation is ΔA (342 nm) =0.05×C (r=0.99) where C is in µg/ml Mequitazine. The limit of quantitation, LOQ (10S), is 1.0 µg/mL. The possibility of quantitative determination of Mequitazin in Primalan 10 mg tablets has been demonstrated. RSD ≤ 1.5%; ((– µ) 100%/µ =+0.80%). ‘µ’ is data of quantitative determination by the reference pharmacopoeial method.

Optimization of Dyeing Conditions of Natural Dye Obtained from Vaccinium corrymbosum (Blueberry) On Cotton Fabric

Yahaya Musa Abubakar — 2025-01-04

Using plants as natural sources of dyes promotes sustainable practices in textile production by reducing reliance on synthetic dyes, which often pose environmental and health concerns. Vaccinium corymbosum (blueberry) is a commercially and culturally significant plant, providing nutritious fruit and supporting biodiversity in its native habitats. In this study, natural dye extraction from V. corymbosum was performed using a mixture of 15 ml methanol, 20 ml distilled water, and 1% HCl. The extracted dye was optimized for dyeing cotton fabric by studying the effects of dye concentration, temperature, and dyeing time. Dye concentrations were varied at 0.1, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.3 g/cm³, with the optimum concentration identified as 0.3 g/cm³. Dyeing temperatures were adjusted to 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 °C, with optimal results at 90 °C. Dyeing times were varied at 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 minutes, with 70 minutes being the optimal duration. Color fastness of the dyed fabrics was assessed using a gray scale. Results showed that wash fastness was good (rating of 3), perspiration fastness in acidic and basic media ranged from fairly good (rating of 2) to better (rating of 3.5), and light fastness was moderate (rating of 5). The study found that increasing dye concentration led to greater dye absorption by the fabric. As temperature increased from 60 to 90 °C, dye molecule movement accelerated, enhancing diffusion into the fiber structure and resulting in deeper, more intense coloration. However, at 100 °C, excessive heat caused bond breakage, leading to faded colors. Extended dyeing time also improved the dye fastness on the fabric. This research demonstrates the potential of V. corymbosum as a natural dye source, contributing to more sustainable textile dyeing practices.

The Theoretical Description for the Electrochemical Determination of Sucralose and Aspartame in Drinks

Volodymyr Tkach — 2025-01-04

In this work, the electrochemical determination of sucralose and aspartame in drinks has been theoretically evaluated. Considering the accepting character of both sucralose chlorine atom and aspartame molecule, cathodic process is preferred. The theoretical description for VO(OH)-assisted electroanalytical process has proven the efficiency of the cathodic electroanalytical process for both of the sweeteners, despite of the augmented probability of the oscillatory behavior.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oils of the Amazon Annona Species

Joelma Moreira Alcântara — 2025-01-04

This study evaluated the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) obtained through hydrodistillation from four Annona species native to the Amazonas state: Annona amazonica R.E. Fr. (commonly known as “envireira”), Annona mucosa Jacq. (“biribá”), Annona exsucca DC. ex Dunal (“araticum”), and Annona insignis R.E. Fr. (“araticum”). Additionally, their antibacterial activities were assessed. Using GC-FID and GC-MS, the major compounds identified were β-caryophyllene, from the leaves of Annona amazonica (14.7%) and A. exsucca (22.2 and 15.3%), γ-muurolene (20.2 and 15.4%) from the leaves of A. exsucca, caryophyllene oxide from the leaves of A. insignis (35.4%), (Z)-nerolidol from the fruits of A. mucosa (38.2%). The EO from A. exsucca, rich in γ-muurolene (20.2%), exhibited significant antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus sanguinis (MIC: 10 μg.mL^-1).

Cytotoxicity of Alkyl Derivatives of Protocetraric Acid

Danielle Bogo — 2025-01-07

The protocetraric acid (1) is a depsidone produced by countless species of lichens and has shown potential biological activity. In this work, we evaluated through the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay the cytotoxic activity of seven alkyl ether derivatives of protocetraric acid (9´-O-alkyl protocetraric acid) against the following cell lines: HT-29 (colon carcinoma), 786-0 (kidney carcinoma), MCF7 (breast carcinoma), HEP2 (laryngeal carcinoma), PC-03 (prostate carcinoma), B16F10 (murine melanoma), UACC-62 (human melanoma), and NIH/3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast). Most compounds were cytotoxic to tested cells, with GI50 < 100.0 μM, and did not show selectivity over them.

Leaf Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Iron-oxide Nanoparticles (FeO -NPs) by Using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China rose): A Potential Approach and its Biological Application

Anjali Singh — 2025-01-08

The aim of this study was to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) using an aqueous extract obtained from the leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, commonly known as China rose. By employing an environmentally friendly approach, the production of small-sized and highly stable FeO-NPs was achieved, offering promising prospects for environmental preservation by eliminating the need for harmful chemicals. The synthesis process involved the extraction of the plant material through decoction, followed by the reaction with ferrous sulphate (FeSO₄) at room temperature for one hour. Various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), were employed to characterize the synthesized FeO-NPs. Additionally, their antioxidant activity was evaluated against 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results indicated that FeO-NPs derived from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis possessed significant antioxidant properties, suggesting their potential utility in various applications.

Chemical Composition of Oils and Fats from Madagascar Cockroach (G. portentosa), Giant Cockroach (B. giganteus), and Mealworm (T. molitor)

João Víctor de Andrade dos Santos — 2025-01-09

This study aimed to extract oil and fat from three insect species: Gromphadorhina portentosa, Blaberus giganteus, and Tenebrio molitor, analyzing its fatty acid composition and antimicrobial potential. Oils and fats were extracted from each species. Subsequent analysis focused on their fatty acid profiles, particularly examining the ratios of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids, including the ratios of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids. The broth microdilution method evaluated the antimicrobial potential against standard American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains. T. molitor yielded the highest extraction (21.98%), with major fatty acids identified as C18:1, C18:2w6, and C16:1. The oils from G. portentosa and B. giganteus also contained C18:1, C18:2w6, and C16:0. Principal component analysis distinguished T. molitor oil by its C15:0 and C23:0 content. All oils were rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, with T. molitor and B. giganteus showing higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although no significant antimicrobial activity was observed, the oils exhibited high nutritional potential. Further research is needed to optimize cultivation and extraction processes for G. portentosa and B. giganteus to enhance their economic viability.

Lignocellulosic Biomass Derived Carbon Supported Nickel Nanoparticles as an Efficient Catalyst for Reduction of Nitroarenes

Sunshine Dominic Kurbah — 2025-01-10

Nickel-based catalysts directing selectivity for nitroarenes reduction have drawn a lot of attention; yet, they have not yielded considerable accomplishments. Here, we report an environmentally friendly method for synthesizing a nickel-based carbon-supported nanocatalyst using lignin residues. The carbon-supported nickel nanoparticle catalysts generated from lignocellulosic biomass were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The present catalytic system not only shows outstanding performance with an excellent anilines output but also shows an environmentally friendly catalytic process with simple separation, easy operations, reuse and recycle.

Biosynthesis of CoNPs: An Overview

Vaibhav Saini — 2024-12-31

Nanotechnology encompasses the scientific exploration of material characteristics at the nanoscale, with a profound reliance on factors such as size, shape, and morphology. Its far-reaching potential holds the capacity to reshape numerous global industries and technologies, including healthcare, electronics, cosmetics, chemicals, energy, and composites. Nonetheless, conventional synthesis methods, predominantly chemical and physical, are progressively revealing their limitations over time. Consequently, a pressing imperative arises to investigate alternative strategies that enable the fabrication of NPs devoid of environmental hazards. Developing eco-friendly approaches for Nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis stands as a pivotal catalyst in advancing the principles of green chemistry. Presently, plant-based extraction methods have effectively demonstrated their efficacy in the synthesis of Cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs). This succinct review presents an inclusive overview of the methodologies, advantages, and recent research endeavors about producing CoNPs employing green synthesis approaches involving plants, bacteria, and fungi.

Chemical Elements of the Periodic Table in Indigenous Language as a Teaching Resource for Contextualized Chemistry/Science Teaching

Tewton Wai Wai — 2025-01-05

Roraima is the northernmost state in the Legal Amazon and the northernmost part of Brazil. Its population is over 600,000, of which approximately 15% are indigenous populations, the ethnic groups being Macuxi, Wapichana, Taurepang, Ingaricó, Patamona, Yanomami, Ye`kuana, Sapará, Waimiri Atroari and Waiwai. Indigenous populations in Brazil have few teaching materials that value the indigenous language and knowledge, as well as their relationship with science. The aim of this work is to develop contextualized, intercultural and interdisciplinary cards for teaching chemistry/science based on the identification of chemical elements of the Periodic Table found in the Holy Bible in the indigenous Waiwai language. To this end, we used applied research, with inductive reasoning, with exploratory and descriptive objectives for this study, with a qualitative approach using the documentary technique. The selection of documents was based on the Holy Bible translated into the Waiwai indigenous language, which resulted in 14 citations for sulfur (S), 86 for pehu (Fe), 35 for kobre (Cu), 10 for prata (Ag), 7 for estañu (Sn), 182 for ooru (Au) and 9 citations for xumbu (Pb). These were used in the construction of the teaching material. Through categorization, the data were decoded and interpreted. The educational product developed, the cards, is a teaching material for teaching chemistry/sciences that is contextualized and expresses the ethnic group's cultural and identity. In this sense, the production of cards seems to be an effective pedagogical resource for teaching chemistry/sciences in an intercultural context.

An Oversimplified Corrosion Inhibition Experiment Suitable for the Development of the Laboratory Practice for Undergraduate Students

Pavel Anatolyevich Nikolaychuk — 2025-01-09

An oversimplified corrosion inhibition experiment suitable for the laboratory practice for undergraduate students was developed. The different simplifications to the standard procedure of the corrosion inhibition experiment were tested. Using the examples of steel corrosion inhibition in sulfuric acid by sodium tungstate, and in hydrochloric acid by succinic acid, it was shown that the obtained results remain representative even if the experiment is performed very roughly and inaccurately. During the standard laboratory 3-hour session, both the gravimetric and electrochemical experiments in uninhibited medium with three different inhibitor concentrations could be performed by the students. The typical methodical instructions for the students and instructors were developed. The proposed laboratory experiment was tested during an academic year with the master-level students in Novosibirsk State University.

Investigating the Prospects of ChatGPT in Training Medicinal Chemists and the Development of Novel Drugs

Michell O. Almeida — 2024-12-29

This scientific article delves into the advantages, insights, and limitations of ChatGPT in various scientific domains. Alongside other large language models, this tool exhibits the potential to directly or indirectly assist in a range of scientific areas including Computer Science, Chemistry, Biology/Bioinformatics, and Medicine. Some of the functionalities of ChatGPT include text translation, code improvement, data visualization, and database cleaning. The model can aid in writing and translating scientific articles from mostly any language. In the field of chemoinformatics and computational chemistry, ChatGPT can provide code examples and assist in code development, by evaluating and enhancing code readability and project documentation. Furthermore, it can assist in the database cleaning process and create customized functions for performing specialized tasks. However, ChatGPT does possess some limitations, such as frequent occurrences of artificial hallucinations (a response generated by AI that comprises erroneous or misleading information presented as true), the inability to process multimodal information, and the potential for biases in its training datasets. Therefore, caution must be exercised when incorporating these technologies, considering their social impact and implications for the job market. Acknowledging limitations is crucial when using these tools. With careful and proper use, they can aid the scientific process with the potential to speed up drug discovery.