Panorama da poluição sonora em João Pessoa e os efeitos adversos na saúde
Palavras-chave:
Risco à Saúde, Ruído, Denúncias, Acústica, Qualidade ambiental
Resumo
A poluição sonora é um problema de saúde pública que afeta a qualidade de vida e a saúde de inúmeras pessoas nos centros urbanos, mundialmente. Resultado das atividades humanas, a situação é intensificada pelo crescimento desses locais, necessitando de atenção e discussão sobre meios para reduzir o impacto negativo na cidade e na saúde. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o risco da poluição sonora na saúde da população que reside em João Pessoa-PB. Foram coletados dados referentes às denúncias sobre o ruído do ano 2019 junto à Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e foi aplicado um questionário “on-line” numa amostra de habitantes do município. Os dados foram analisados pela frequência absoluta. Os resultados mostram alto percentual de reclamações, principalmente, no bairro Mangabeira (11,7%). Os bares, restaurantes e casas de festa (24,5%) destacam-se como maior motivo das reclamações. Em relação ao questionário, a amostra foi composta por 224 respondentes. Vários efeitos na saúde, que eles associam ao ruído ambiental, foram relatados: incômodo/irritação (81,1%), dor de cabeça (51,4%), baixa concentração e atenção (68,5%) e alterações no sono (42,2%). A maioria deles classifica o ambiente como confortável (44,2%), porém, grande parte gostaria que ele fosse mais silencioso (46,4%). Conclui-se que a cidade é caracterizada pela poluição sonora, podendo apresentar risco à saúde de seus habitantes. Assim, necessita de ações mitigadoras do ruído e educativas junto à população. Oferece à gestão pública um panorama da situação, auxiliando na elaboração de ações públicas e na tomada de decisão, tal como, utiliza dados que a própria administração já possui.
Referências
Referências
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5. Nguyen TL, Trieu BL, Hiraguri Y, Morinaga M. Effects of changes in acoustic and non-acoustic factors on public health and reactions: follow-up surveys in the vicinity of the Hanoi Noi Bai international airport. Int J Environ Res Public Heal. 2020;
6. Fuks KB, Wigmann C, Altug H, Schikowski T. Road traffic noise at the residence, annoyance, and cognitive function in elderly women. Int J Environ Res Public Heal. 2019;16(1790).
7. Hahad O, Beutel M, Gori T, Schulz A, Blettner M, Pfeiffer N, et al. Annoyance to different noise sources is associated with atrial fibrillation in the Gutenberg Health Study. Int J Cardiol [Internet]. 2018;264:79–84. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.126
8. Vandasova Z, Vencálek O, Puklová V. Specific and combined subjective responses to noise and their association with cardiovascular diseases. Noise Heal. 2016;18(85):338–46.
9. Foraster M, Eze IC, Vienneau D, Schaffner E, Jeong A, Héritier H, et al. Long-term exposure to transportation noise and its association with adiposity markers and development of obesity. Environ Int [Internet]. 2018;121(September):879–89. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.057
10. Jensen HAR, Rasmussen B, Ekholm O. Neighbour noise annoyance is associated with various mental and physical health symptoms: results from a nationwide study among individuals living in multi-storey housing. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1–10.
11. Neitzel RL, Fligor BJ. Risk of noise-induced hearing loss due to recreational sound: review and recommendations. J Acoust Soc Am. 2019;146(5):3911–21.
12. Amoatey P, Omidvarbona H, Baawain MS, Al-Mayahi A, Al-Mamun A, Al-Harthy I. Exposure assessment to road traffic noise levels and health effects in an arid urban area. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2020;27(28):35051–64.
13. Guski R, Schreckenberg D, Schuemer R. WHO environmental noise guidelines for the European region: A systematic review on environmental noise and annoyance. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(12):1–39.
14. Brito LAPF de. A utilização de mapas acústicos como ferramenta de identificação do excesso de ruído em áreas urbanas. Eng Sanit e Ambient. 2017;22(6):1095–107.
15. Tong H, Kang J. Relationships between noise complaints and socio-economic factors in England. Sustain Cities Soc [Internet]. 2021;65(102573). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102573
16. PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND (PHE). Public Health Profiles [Internet]. Available from: https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/
17. Tamura K, Elbel B, Chaix B, Regan SD, Al-Ajlouni YA, Athens JK, et al. Residential and GPS-defined activity space neighborhood noise complaints, body mass index and blood pressure among low-income housing residents in New York city. J Community Health. 2017;42(5):974–82.
18. Corburn J. Urban place and health equity: critical issues and practices. Int J Env Res Public Heal. 2017;14(117):10.
19. IBGE. Cidades e Estados: João Pessoa [Internet]. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 2020 [cited 2021 May 4]. Available from: https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/pb/joao-pessoa.html
20. Hirashima SQ da S, Assis ES de. Percepção sonora e conforto acústico em espaços urbanos do município de Belo Horizonte, MG. Ambient Construído [Internet]. 2017 Mar;17(1):7–22. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-86212017000100007&lng=pt&tlng=pt
21. Evandt J, Oftedal B, Krog NH, Nafstad P, Schwarze PE, Aasvang GM. A population-based study on nighttime road traffic noise and insomnia. Sleep. 2017;40(2):1–10.
22. Firmino LBO, Almeida CVB, Oiticica MLGR. Poluição sonora na cidade de Maceió-AL entre os anos de 2013 a 2015. In: Pluris 2016. 2016.
23. Silva LC da, Moraes RR, Ribeiro LGC, Cardoso D. Poluição sonora: Estratégias de enfrentamento pelos órgãos de segurança pública na grande de Belém. Revista de Direito da Faculdade Estácio do Pará. 2017 Dec;4:105–24.
24. Min K, Jun B, Lee J, Kim H, Furuya K. Analysis of environmental issues with an application of civil complaints: the case of Shiheung city, Republic of Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Heal. 2019;16(1018).
25. Tong H, Kang J. Characteristics of noise complaints and the associations with urban morphology: a comparison across densities. Environ Res [Internet]. 2021;197(March):111045. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111045
26. Tong H, Kang J. Relationship between urban development patterns and noise complaints in England. EPB Urban Anal City Sci. 2020;0(0):1–18.
27. IBGE. Censo Demográfico 2010 [Internet]. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 2010. Available from: http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br
28. Wu J, Zou C, He S, Sun X, Wang X, Yan Q. Traffic noise exposure of high-rise residential buildings in urban area. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2019;26(9):8502–15.
29. Fan Y, Teo HP, Wan WX. Public transport, noise complaints, and housing: evidence from sentiment analysis in Singapore. J Reg Sci. 2021;(2020):1–27.
30. Brito LAPF de, Monteiro R de CR. Estudo da influência do planejamento urbano na paisagem sonora da região central de taubaté-SP. Rev Bras Gest e Desenvolv Reg. 2015;11(3):288–305.
31. Margaritis E, Kang J. Relationship between green space-related morphology and noise pollution. Ecol Indic [Internet]. 2017;72:921–33. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.09.032
32. Ganeshbhai MB. Effect of urban morphology on road noise distribution. Int J Res Eng Sci Manag. 2019;2(12):2–5.
33. Park T, Kim M, Jang C, Choung T, Sim KA, Seo D, et al. The public health impact of road-traffic noise in a highly-populated city, Republic of Korea: annoyance and sleep disturbance. Sustain. 2018;10(8).
34. Alves L, Pinto D, Araújo V, Araújo B. Mapeamento acústico das denúncias de poluição sonora em Natal ‐ RN. In: Connecting People and Ideas. Guimarães, Portugal; 2015.
35. Peplow A, Thomas J, Alshehhi A. Noise annoyance in the UAE: a twitter case study via a data-mining approach. Int J Environ Res Public Heal. 2021;18.
36. Zambon G, Muchetti SS, Salvi D, Angelini F, Brambilla G, Benocci R. Analysis of noise annoyance complaints in the city of Milan, Italy. J Phys Conf Ser. 2020;1603.
37. João Pessoa. Mapa de uso e ocupação do solo da cidade de João Pessoa [Internet]. Secretaria de Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente. 2007. Available from: http://www.planmob.joaopessoa.pb.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/mapa_jp_uso_ocupa.pdf
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Publicado
2022-09-10
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Artigos
Declaro que os conteúdos apresentados nos artigos e demais trabalhos são de minha autoria e tenho total responsabilidade sobre os mesmos, os quais estou cedendo os direitos autorais à Revista Saúde e Meio Ambiente, para fins de divulgação científica em qualquer meio disponível.
