APPLYING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO IMPROVE TRANSPLANT PATIENTS' OUTCOMES

a scoping review

Abstract

Solid organ transplantation significantly enhances the survival and quality of life for patients with severe organ dysfunction. However, transplanted patients need lifelong Immunosuppressive Therapy (IST) to prevent organ rejection. Adherence to IST is critical, as non-adherence can lead to severe consequences, including organ failure and elevated healthcare costs. Challenges in IST adherence are prevalent globally, impacting patient outcomes and burdening healthcare systems. In this context, this study aims to identify how artificial intelligence (AI) can help transplant patients adhere to ISTs and improve their quality of life. We conducted a scoping review, searching five databases in March 2024. After a critical appraisal of the articles initially retrieved, 23 studies were included in this review. The results indicate that AI and health information technology hold significant promise for supporting transplant patients and improving their quality of life and adherence to IST. However, these results should be analyzed carefully due to the methodological limitations present in the analyzed studies. We identified the major limitations of the analyzed studies. We argued that studies involving more significant, more diverse populations, more extended follow-up periods, and more rigorous designs are essential to understand and fully optimize the AI potential.